Violence in California reached “epidemic proportions” during the pandemic, although most victims didn’t report it, according to a new study at the University of San Diego.
The 2022 California Study on Violence Experiences Across the Lifespan (CalVEX) traced rising violence in the Golden State to growing economic insecurity, unemployment, and social inequality.
“Californians are experiencing violence at epidemic proportions,” said the study’s lead researcher, Dr Anita Raj, professor at UC San Diego’s School of Medicine and Division of Social Sciences.
“Current violence prevention efforts are clearly woefully inadequate and often ignore the gendered nature of violence, its intersections with other socioeconomic vulnerabilities, and its disproportionate effects on marginalized populations.”
According to the 33-page survey report, the CalVEX study is the nation’s only statewide assessment of physical and sexual violence, providing investigators with a “unique opportunity” to understand and hopefully reduce violent crimes.
It said the need for more study “cannot be understated” given the report’s findings that one in five Californians (18 percent) experienced physical violence or sexual violence within the past year.
In March, investigators interviewed 2,285 adults 18 years or older—male and female, transgender, and gay—using data from annual surveys in 2020 and 2021.
The 2022 study found that one in 12 (8 percent) of participants experienced physical violence within the past year and that males (11 percent) were more likely than females (5 percent) to report violent crimes.
One in 50 participants reported violence involving a knife, and one in 100 said the perpetrator used a gun.
“Men most often reported a stranger as the perpetrator of weapon-related violence, women reported a partner,” the study found.
Many Violent Crimes Go Unreported
The study found that one in seven adults (15 percent) in California experienced sexual violence, both physical and verbal, within the past year ending in March 2021.
Victimization from physical violence also increased during the pandemic, from 4 percent in 2020 to 7 percent in 2021 and 8 percent in 2022. Most victims (93 percent females, and 87 males) never reported it, the study found.
Economic insecurity has also played a signficant role in the rising tide of violence and “early-stage efforts to support economic recovery under the pandemic have proven inadequate for those already on the economic margins.”
“They ultimately may have contributed to a larger economic downturn as the pandemic continues with new variants and outbreaks,” the report stated.
However, since most victims never report violent crimes to authorities, this suggests that law enforcement responses may not help address violence.
The study concluded that health and social welfare services may better serve victims and prevent violent crimes “given the vulnerabilities faced by victims and that most perpetrators are victims as well.”
“Findings have important implications for state programs and policies.”
In the survey, participants expressed negative mental health effects from violent crimes, including anxiety and depression. Forty-one percent of female respondents reporting suicidal feelings compared with 25 percent of males.
“Further disconcerting is that this violence has increased under the pandemic; we find significant increases from 2020 to 2022 in terms of both past year physical violence and past year sexual violence,” according to the report.
These findings from the statewide report only confirm that Californians experienced epidemic levels of violence during the pandemic, the study concludes, and that new policies and programs would address the rising trend.