Farmers have a long history of surviving painful economic situations, but the current simultaneous shortages of crucial supplies are straining their resilience.
y need fertilizer, pesticides, and machinery, but, in 2021, all these things rose drastically in cost. For some families, 2022 might bring an end to generations in the farming business.
One of the most unusual things about farming is the generational nature of the business, said farm managers Mike and Darlene Myers. pair manage Valley Dream Farm near Knoxville, Tennessee.
“It does take a certain kind,” Darlene Myers said. “You take somebody that loves this kind of work, and they will trade the highest paid job in New York City for it, because it’s in their blood.”
Darlene and her sister Wilma Jordan, were both raised on a farm. Jordan owns the farm.
A life in nature, the satisfaction of providing others with food, and the meaning inherent in building a business for the next generation, all make farm work attractive, said fourth-generation farmer and Nebraska farm bureau president Mark McHargue.
“When you’re actually taking care of the soil created by God, that is just such a long term thought process. Almost everything we do, we’re thinking about how to make it better for the next generation,” he said.
Fourth-generation farmers aren’t unusual, he said. But farming also has many challenges.
Farmers don’t set their own prices, McHargue said. Some years, crops and animals cost more to grow than they do to sell.
And even seemingly simple crops require resources from around the world, said Brant Wilbourn, the Texas Farm Bureau’s associate director of commodity and regulatory activities. Fertilizer, pesticides and machinery are incredibly important.
“You basically need all three to have a successful crop,” he said.
Sowing Seed
It all starts with the seed, said Wilbourn. Different seed varieties have different resistances to pesticide and different responses to fertility.
“y can’t just switch, like, from one crop to another,” he said.
n, farmers must fertilize their fields. Every year, crops need phosphorous, potassium, and nitrogen.
Without these chemicals, a farmer’s crop will be 40 percent to 70 percent smaller, said Craig Hill, the president of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation.
“Without phosphorus and potassium, you’ll lose some yield,” Hill said. “But if you don’t have nitrogen fertilizer to add to your corn crop, you are going to be in big trouble.”
This year, farmers face an astronomical rise in fertilizer prices, Hill said. cost of fertilizer has increased by double or more. When fertilizer costs began to rise, farmers decided to wait. y didn’t anticipate that prices would double.
“Farmers said, ‘This will be over soon,’” Hill said. “And then here we are, with double our costs.”
Experts gave several reasons for this cost rise.
McHargue said that President Joe Biden’s restriction on natural gas use has made fertilizer production more difficult.
China and Russia also stopped exporting some fertilizer, said Nathan Carson, a logistics expert.
Although China’s government doesn’t usually explain its policy decisions, Carson said he believed that its leaders feel concerned about food shortages.
“China is trying to do everything it can to shore up its domestic production of food, because the Chinese Communist Party is increasingly terrified of economic dysfunction,” he said. “It’s worried about food price inflation even more than we are.”
Public relations manager for agricultural chemical company BASF, Miracle King-Wilson, said the problems resulted from supply chain issues.
“se factors include labor shortages, transportation availability and delays, and natural disasters affecting raw material supplies,” King-Wilson wrote in an email.
King-Wilson added that these stressors will likely last into 2022, although supply chain issues remain unpredictable.
After this massive price rise, farmers, fertilizer producers, and fertilizer retailers have found themselves locked in a standoff.
If fertilizer costs drop, anyone who bought while it was expensive will lose money.
Both retailers and farmers now want to postpone buying fertilizer, said Donnie Dippel, the president of the Texas Ag Industries Association.
“y’re going to probably wait to the last minute to try to secure their products, hoping that they will go down,” he said. “It’s gonna be a really tough fight with the logistics trying to get this stuff there.”
Pesticide Problems
fertilizer price problem is only the first issue farmers will face this year. After crops grow, they face threats from an army of hungry pests—and pesticide prices have also risen.
Mike Myers said he fights tomato-eating aphids using a saltwater-based pesticide. For the coyotes that slaughter his sheep, he keeps a scoped bolt-action rifle in his truck beside his wrenches and coffee cup.
“I lost 10 lambs last year because of coyotes,” he said.
Industrial farms often rely on less-precise chemical pesticides. Even with these, farmers lose between 20 percent to 40 percent of their crop, according to CropLife International, an agriculture science study group.
Without pesticides, people only get the leftovers.
Pesticides are less time-sensitive than fertilizers, said Hill. Farmers put fertilizers in the ground either shortly before, or shortly after, planting crops. But farmers use pesticides as pests appear.
“You never know really what you’re going to need,” he said. “If you see a problem, then you go out and treat it. It doesn’t become a crisis until you need something.”
Right now, pesticides costs are up 20 per cent from last year, according to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Farmers can only wait and hope that prices drop by spring, McHargue said.
“I’m hoping that prices will moderate a little bit.”
Spare Parts
Unlike fertilizer and pesticides, spare parts for farm equipment are a consistent need. consistent demands of farm labor will eventually wear out machines.
Mike Myers said that this year, his hay baler machine broke while he was twining the year’s last bale of hay.
“I’m glad it wasn’t when I had 14 rows of hay still standing,” he said.
As machinery failures go, this one wasn’t serious. But the Myers’ entire farm depends on two $80,000 tractors to work at all, he said.
“Tractors are probably the most valuable equipment here that we’ve got. Because you can’t really do anything without them,” Darlene Myers said.
Most farmers keep a reserve of spare parts so they can fix problems like these, he said. But buying new parts can be painful.
“I’m able to buy everything,” he said. “ shipping cost is what’s hurting me right now if I want a part, because they don’t keep them.”
Tractors and other vehicles are important year-round, but they are especially important during harvest season, said Mike Myers.
Before harvest, weather, disease, or pests can still kill crops. A farmer can only number his crop once it’s in the barn. Every day it remains unharvested in the field adds risk.
Even if farmers don’t have working machinery during harvest, they might still get by, said Hill. y can use older machines, or borrow farm machinery from a neighbor.
“ machinery shortage is an inconvenience, but we’ve got used machinery that we can draw upon,” he said. “If you can find a neighbor, or a salvage yard, you’ll be able to get around it.”
But these solutions may not work for everyone. Some people may not have spare machinery. Also, the culture of neighborliness between farmers has also decreased, said Mike Myers.
“I don’t say we don’t have neighbors that would help us out here, but that’s a thing that’s slowly going away,” he said. “We don’t have time. I know my neighbor is covered up busy, and I wouldn’t even bother.”
American Soil, Chinese Chemicals
Although farmers face hardship from all these shortages, they have little control over them.
To many farmers, the sudden price rise of commodities seems unfair.
“Shortages? It’s all sitting at docks purposely being stalled,” said Kevin Lopez, an Alabama farmer.
According to Carson, the shortages result from a logistics system that has chosen efficiency over durability.
“What that means is, it is very, very vulnerable to exogenous [external] shocks, whether that’s extreme weather, weather events, financial shocks, political instability, or say a pandemic,” said Carson. “It’s very, very vulnerable.”
In the past three decades, the international environment has been unusually stable, he said. re have been few important international rivalries, few worldwide disasters, and few interruptions to normal shipping.
Businesses used this stability to build extremely efficient and profitable worldwide trade networks, he said.
But today, rivalries with China and Russia, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) virus, and logistics issues around the world have made these networks vulnerable, he said.
“Globalization of the past 30 years has been a historical anomaly,” he said. “And all we’re seeing is a reversion to the mean.”
re’s little to be done for global supply chain problems in the next couple years, Carson said.
To prevent future issues, businesses should move production back to America, stockpile some parts, and keep their factories close to their customers.
“Going into the 2022 growing season, things are kind of locked in stone,” he said.
BASF’s King-Wilson said the group planned to move production to America, widen its global supplier base, and order new materials early in response to the shortage.
“In preparation of the unknown, BASF has already taken a number of steps to minimize the effect on our customers and our own operations,” King-Wilson said.
A Farmer’s Ingenuity
While companies adjust, farmers will have to cope with rising prices as best they can.
To save costs and make money, farmers like the Myers are amazingly adaptive.
To save hay, Mike built improved sheep-feeding devices from logs on his property. He plans to switch from propane to wood fires to heat his greenhouse, and he uses his own sheep manure instead of buying fertilizer.
“Propane to run in greenhouses during a winter is very high-cost,” he said.
Despite the difficulties, farm bureau presidents across the U.S. say they feel confident that farmers will endure.
“We’re so used to market fluctuations, and weather problems, and other things, that we’ll farm another year or two,” said Hill.
“It’ll be a frustration, it’ll be an aggravation but, knowing farmers as I do, we will, we will hit adversity head on, adapt to our best ability, and keep moving.”
Pezou : Farmers Weathering Triple Storm of Rising Costs for Fertilizer, Pesticide, and Machinery